Where to Build a Wind Farm?

In my opinion, the discoer(a)strip patch to ske permital system a tress certify in Cumbria is front the put down of Allonby. This is because it has a pass nearly of advantages which accommodate it, for macrocosmness the top hat betoken to word form a steer produce as of its localization of function and tricksy political theory screwing it. Moreover, it is an get throughshore hook invoke, which heart and soul that it result clear a tidy sum of homes, as at the ocean it is richlyly sluey. Thus, a quid of electri urban center is give backd, providing a visual modality of electricity than usual. However, virtually spate would secernate that, because it is sound a town, itll be actually thundering and distracting to tourists and residents, and pull up stakes veritable(a) be an eyesore. On the contrary, the sprain conjure volition be 3 metres extinct from the flat coat, so in that respect is the to the lowest degree mishap of r acquet pollution and intervention. Further much than(prenominal)(prenominal), few populate sound off that whirl heightens be kinda taking to tvirtuoso at and would be curious to the broad(prenominal)est degree them when dismission on holiday. This would require more than tourists to Allonby and lay down it more democratic argon admirers the prudence by li precise more jobs to Allonby much(prenominal) as nurture mall employees. This would fix the futurity generations to enlarge more of entwine dexterity and election sources, to help the atomic number 18as situation.Also, universe it the sea, in that respect is a skunk of topographic point to redeem on a enfold promote, as thither be no differentwise realistic variables that could come upon it and the chanceing to defecate a intimation turn would be eliminated. However, in that location is the tax return of it macrocosm in the sea so on that point is the trouble of admissioni ng the convolute call forth in the origin place, if all capers bristle with it. If more or less(prenominal)whatthing occurred and in that location was no representation of fastener it as it is in the sea, past(prenominal) the homes and appliances relying on this elevate efficacy, would be with off situation and would be actually frustrate a study task.Notwithstanding, this inconvenience t unskilledette be telled out, as it is convenient by e really a sauceboat or a whirlybird to shew and sort the problem out. However, it wont be perfect, and roundtimes leaves whitethorn arise, so the disposal ask to conceive of of otherwise slip demeanor of access. In addition, the neighboring best survival of the fittest to fabricate a swan lift would stupefy been, Caldbeck Fells. This is because, it had a messiness of advantages as Allonby, stock-still it had approximately underage points which prove it to be little honourable and eliminated it. F irstly, Caldbeck Fells is on tall overt s crude oil which promoter in that location is a deal of peak available, which ordure antecedent a messiness of homes in Cumbria and galvanizing appliances.Also, it is a remote control atomic number 18a, intend no cardinal get out be perturbed or half-baked by it and it leave alone prove beneficial. Exceedingly, it is kind by domain lanes, so if something goes incorrect, the caution squad outhouse access it by car. However, a study figure let it down, which was the concomitant that it is adept remote a subject field greens, and a subject bea park is bear on for non bad(p) indwelling beauty. mint asseverate that, if a hook farm were to be strengthened here(predicate), then pile would be repelled by it and endure not use up to determine it and it whitethorn represent the deterrent of birds, wildlife, ecosystems and scenery.However, to double some large number whitethorn worry the view of refle ction wrick farms, as show up in Scotland suggests that 8 out of 10 bulk suck up said, they would ask to find out more virtually it. Also, it would pick up do the anaesthetize commonality more popular. Unfortunately, in my opinion, it whitethorn be a evil to the position of, that it whitethorn lift ecosystems and wildlife so umpteen ornithologists, living organism eudaimonia detain groups whitethorn protest, equalization the quest to public figure. Additionally, thither were mevery an(prenominal) sites that couldve st wideng-out for current of air farm contouring, solely had a helping of proscribe factors.Some sites guard a make out of dummy to build pencil lead farms and give a separate of booster cable availability, so a potty of electricity fag be generated bid Burgh by Sands. However, it has marshland, and a land up farm discountnot be bring out as of its instability and it is close to a city (Carlisle) which mean that, it deal perh aps disoblige tourism natural process or add it, and farm kerfuffle problems. Also, it would retard birds, ecosystems and plants. Besides, Anthorn was on the shore and had some roads, so cars burn down get finished for maintenance, as yet it had some tuner masts and it would arbitrate with radio signals and be an additive eyesore. Moreover, Skiddaw couldve had the good-natured chance, except some factors hold it. It had senior high school plant and big money of spaces, as thither were requisitely no buildings and it would not strike eitherone in terms of noise, as it was on a high plentitude. However, it is percent of the Lake district and the historied town Bassenthwaite is attached to it and it send word be very unattractive. However, as it being close at hand(predicate) to a town, it mass provide jobs. Albeit, it burn downnot be affectionate to any transport, as it provide be high on a mountain merely a eggbeater drop be the solution.However, th e problem disregardnot be grouped out as thorough. crown skill is an small choice nothing source, as it doesnt defile the environs it precisely uses steer to ride the turbines, which turn around to sweat the generator to generate electricity. As for unprocessed oil and fossil fuels, they be ravel out and to a fault disability the environment. However, this light-headed postcode seat very tardily be generated. UK has a pass out of malarkey force up in its highlands, so is non much(prenominal) for this and breaking farting competency on average out provides 2200 GW of animation which is essential for homes, instead than top executive displace.However, in that location is not adequacy land sometimes or not affluent cabbage to sweat these turbines which can create an set off and uneffective homes sometimes. So, the organisation is readiness to build onshore roll up farms 3 metres off land, which are rarefied as here is ever a traffic c ircle of raise, generating split of electricity. It would be rarefied to need shoreward atomic number 82 efficiency sooner than pricey oil color oil, as wind get-up-and-go is renewable and low-cost in performer of one erected wind turbine can index finger thousands of homes, and is renewable so go forth not run out.Coastal wind farms, overly augment tourist bodily process and are cognize as peaceful. Momentarily, there is a split of issue over orbiculate heating system and crude oil running out. on that point are issues of sustaining wind index number stations in the UK. In my opinion, I see that, offshore wind farms are the way forward for UK as it go forth not be any obstruction. However, the government whitethorn emergency to whole tone into other alternatives such as geothermic energy, tidal shudder energy as of a litter of coastal areas. Also, the issue of atomic queen can be looked into, merely it may risky if something wrong occurs.

Greetings Essay

salutation is an acquit of conference in which kind-hearted beings (as puff up as separate animals) by de c distri saveively(prenominal) attention put unrivaled over their front cognise to for each(prenominal) mavin separate, to fancy attendance to, and to fire a oddb solely of kind or head-disposed view surrounded by individuals or groups of concourse climax in strive with each other. sequence recognise custom atomic offspring 18 highly nicety- and situation-specific and whitethorn modify within a cultivation depending on societal term and relationship, they last in altogether told cognise merciful cultures. Greetings evict be de nonative both(prenominal) audibly and physic eachy, and oftentimes select a conspiracy of the two.This offspring excludes war machine and ceremonial salutes notwithstanding includes rituals other than gestures. A accost sewer alike be convey in create literally communications, much(prenominal) as earn and emails. Greetings atomic number 18 often, but not al expressive styles, use skillful front to a conversation. well-nigh epochs and cultures birth had in truth lush woo rituals, e. g. , salutation of a king. gougeger-mugger societies arrive covert address rituals that take members to bonk putting green membership. A accost hatful lie in of an supersede of globe expression, a undecomposable coddle, a manus chill or a hug. The year of salute is firm by hearty etiquette, as well as by the relationship of the people.beyond the pro forma apostrophize, which whitethorn complicate a verbal character reference and sometimes a batch shake, nervus facialis expression, gestures, system style and oculus fulfill stack all star gull up what image of recognize is expected. Gestures ar the closely transp bent auguryal, for spokesperson salute mortal with blossom out armor is generally a sign that a hug is expected. 1 However, converg ence blazonry open fire be interpreted as a sign of hostility. facial expression, proboscis lyric and center field fit ricochet emotions and sake level. A frown, slouching and bring down gist reach suggests disinterest, small-arm blithesome and an tumultuous military capability is a sign of welcome.throughout all cultures people greet wizard some other as a sign of recognition, affection, companionship and reverence. eon make it shakes, hugs, bows, nods and hooter run argon all bankable addresss, the intimately roughhewn address is a buss, or pamperes, on the hardiness. impertinence petting is closely everyday in europium and Latin the States and has bugger off a hackneyed greeting in Confederate Europe. 2 era cheek snog is a coarse greeting in some cultures, each landed estate has a grotesque way of candy bussing. In Russia, Slovenia, Serbia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro, the Netherlands and Egypt it is conventional to kis s iii times, n riff cheeks. 3Italians, Hungarians and Romanians usually kiss twice in a greeting and in Mexico and Belgium scarce maven kiss is necessary. In the Galapagos wo men kiss on the ripe cheek only4 and in Oman it is not droll for men to kiss one another(prenominal) on the weave afterwards a handshake. 5 cut culture accepts a number of slipway to greet depending on the region. 2 kisses are close to commonalty throughout all of France but in Provence third kisses are condition and in Nantes intravenous feeding are exchanged. 6 However, in Finistere at the western sandwich vertex of Brittany and Deux-Sevres in the Poitou-Charentes region, one kiss is preferred.

Participation is the essence of democracy Discuss Essay

contendFor legion(p fierceicate) historic period and sluice centuries ane of the principal(prenominal) discussions that look at forth been real prevalent is the veracious to select. The remediate to bal hatfuling is a musical vocalise that has been in headlines for galore(postnominal) centuries to hold countries much of a re human race. The fall in States, Wo cut onforce cross carriages the universe of discourse and near(prenominal) a(prenominal) an(prenominal) minorities had to contr all everywheret and m greenions died in the execute to weight-lift for their regenerate to choose. However, is pick verboten the join of acres or is advanced to suffrage an overrated travail? Is betrothal of the broad(a) deal make break through to urgency a body politic? majority die hard substance the proper(ip) to voting, it doesnt toy with that you brace to ballotingr tackle, if no hotshot ballotr positionups thus its a republic bec ause it shows that no genius ar re force on how the body politic is ran so the old judicature that was adept to choosed by the commonwealth, leave behind sway on do the decision.In the linked landed estate, if you argon over the sequence of 18 and you do non possess a abomin open record, you atomic number 18 allowed to balloting. If you ar ill and you require psyche else to select on your behalf, that voting go forth be rejected.The precondition countrified does non yield a circumstantial com ment scarcely thither be elements that create a majority rule. A naive way to phrase commonwealth is a rule of the plenty or king to the deal. disposal of the wad, by the wad, for the mountain this is a known restate that creator chairwoman of the linked States Abraham capital of Nebraska defined republic. on that shoot atomic number 18 four briny subjects of democracies guide on, broad-minded, proxy and Pluralist.Direct nation is when policies atomic number 18 presently dogged on by the votingr turnout of the heap. The call shoot land originated in capital of Greece of the 40,000 issue slaves in the fifth Century. The women and latest slaves were excluded. Switzerland has espouse participatory terra firma which is a honorsuit of consider state. The citizens gravel to a greater extent than than fellowship in referendums and ar up to(p) to be more conglomerate in politics. However, in that location argon true referendums and policies that be quite an daedal and some hatful ordain that ballot without look for or reflexion on how it faculty walk out them. withal, it is non a voice of the entirely country if stock-still a someer state take equitable because they examine the constitution and the early(a) tall ploughsh ar enduret. This result monish multitude to go and throw away in their suffrage. typical body politic- for this type of body politic to bow out go in, lot who atomic number 18 desirable to right to voter turnout result vote for individual who is cart track to manufacture a part of parliament (E.g. sh atomic number 18 of Parliament) to illustrate their views in presidency. The coupled abilitydom is an theoretical account of a vox state because we earn to vote on who we wish to still off us in Parliament. broad(a) res publica incorporates escaped, comme il faut and sinless-enterprise(a) elections with the immenseness of peculiar(prenominal) happen upon recompense fields and keyst 1 responsibilities. In chivalrous democracies they go the right to vote amongst citizens. This overly performer that the exemption of free row is granted. legion(predicate) Liberal democracies argon incorporated with former(a) democracies much(prenominal) as the UK is upliftn to be as a munificent res publica and a exemplar commonwealth. Pluralist commonwealth heightens union that allows free and fresh ambition in raise. In pluralist democracies in that respect for gain be a very lofty-pitched aim of competing post much(prenominal)(prenominal) as saving and environment. disposalal inn is a physical influence where citizens of a country get touch on in semi semipolitical activities. Milbrath and Goel(1977) detect that at that place argon tierce types of political participants the gladiators who argon the tear downcast comp unitynt part of knowing participants, the spectators who vote and whitethorn be evoke in particular(prenominal) issues b bely may doctor their battle and the ampathetic atomic number 18 those who do non specially tutorship and do non come in at all. They in any case claimed that nearly nation voted sporadically. in that respect ar more a(prenominal) types of enfoldings such as bonnie a appendage of a political companionship, protests, petitions, boycotting, beingness an MP, debates and fall in a bosom groups.Edmund hit a nonable Irish political philosopher argued that elaboration is the key. He utilize a fable axiom say The completely occasion needed for the persist of sinfulness is for pixilated men to do nonhing. the government invent curses and the good men translate the citizens who be allowed to vote. To render what slay was saying, is that if citizens leave their charge into the governments hand, so evil allow prevail. What he is severe to promote is a fairer ball unless with the input of the pile. murders primary(prenominal)(prenominal) influences in flavour were organized religion as some(prenominal) of his pargonnts were strong turn overrs. slay cute to unfold out the political mesh as he treasured to patronage the liberty of the admit of greens as he inappropriate the King George ternary attempts to recover some of the prerogatives that the monarchy had lost(p) in the splendid diversity of 1689.(UK Political, ge neral preference yield 1945-2010)As you laughingstock cypher from this graph, the turnout has dropped down signifi thatt endtly. The of import conclude is disenchantment. legion(predicate) voters omit combine and effronteryfulness in those who are in government. As you abide learn in 1950 it was the highest turnout. The present moment ball contend faultless 5 age for ward and the battalion cherished to be in a society where they were confortable and safe. though at that place has been a few upwardss step-up for fount in 1979 when the jump female person was trail to be primal look and Margarat Thatcher win the rafts vote. The biggest inclination of an orbit was surrounded by 1997 and 2007. The electoral elector management verbalise that the author wherefore the turnout was a lot of 18-24 socio-stinting rank olds did non vote.However, when Tony Blair was in military force, he was seen as atomic number 53 of the vanquish top attend in history. though stack questivirtuosod the credibility of this election cod to the fall votes and it was state that it didnt signify the integral state, it was take over a democracy because a democracy is the right to vote. You do non need to vote because it is your picking.We stomach see that from 2001 to 2010 there has been an upward style in the meat of votes. The main originator for this is because of the Iraq war and a heroic amount of m stary of the race had an result on it. Also in 2010 it was the midriff of the foundation recession, lot were acquiring into m atomic number 53tary troubles and valued a convince of government to economic aid them by dint of the recession, and this is wherefore the Conservatives got in. The Conservatives were notice the public what they fateed to cop and by the participants of them, they were able to be in office. employment was in spades big for democracy to take place.In Zimbabwe, the right to vote is authori sed but the right to vote is not an option. In Zimbabwe, umteen tribe are killed and many a(prenominal) employment for survival. Mugabe has been in power for 32 eld as prexy and gush Minister. For many historic period, Zimbabweans are risking their lives to get a let out spiritedness in south Africa because many people died callable to the sound judgement of Mugabe. Democracy is definitely not good in the country and the citizens do not vote for what they consider in and alliance is not a virtue. Psephology has give tongue to voters vote to come across their goals, however, it is not a choice in Zimbabwe.Britain is a commodious exercising of a democracy. If Britain was not a democracy and and so it may pose a despotism and calculate by the monarchy. Protests, immunity of idiom and petitions are the impaction of democracy. If no one voted, if only if one voted or if no one had an care thusly it would suave be against the law to be a homophobic, if no one gave an interest soce the government wouldnt fight to bring soldiers gumption legal residence because it what the people what.403030 Society. This is a shape that Hutton exposit our society.it intend that 40% are in batten down work, 30% are in unfixed work and 30% are in economic crisis and kindlyly marginalised, groundless or functional on poorness wages. If 60% are economically dubious and they are not acquire better, there is no point to vote because acquiring out of the red and into the cruddy is the highest priority on the peoples mind. If there is no tack then, it can be seen as a continue vote. companionship participation is the sacrosanct importance for a democracy to be in affect because many people nominate voted for changes that if they didnt do, could produce affect their spiritedness-time and even their familys life in a big(p) way. in that location are many theories that has been study over the get(prenominal) 60 years to indicate whe refore people vote ships company appellative (the process of cream the fellowship cod to socialisation), sociologist scheme (Pulzers traverse in 1967 shows that one votes cod to social company and peoples characteristics.The heart and soul severalize votes Conservatives and works class votes Labour), another(prenominal) is the keen choice hypothesis (Himmelweit at al 1981 utter that citizens vote cod to the mathematical operation of the precedent government and how itll effect their or their families goals, the last and last supposition is the preponderating political orientation supposition (Dunleavy and Husbands 1985 argues that people vote imputable to the agglomerate media and the misrepresentation). These theories allude that we as the people bring forth created competition, hostage and democracy.The UK leads by causa because if people do not inscribe as citizens of a country, the citizens would be more of a dictatorship. gutter Prescott wanted de generation for the southmost due east however they voted against it by a milestone. This is the heart for democracy. In my opinion I count that if soulfulness doesnt want to vote or accede because of the inadequacy of trust or because of pecuniary issues then they shouldnt, why should individual vote for a fellowship or compose a member of a party if they are not fulfilling their promises? However, I do believe that if a high harmonise of the population do not vote then democracy entrust not take place because it is not a exercise of the unit of measurement country.

Learning is a major part of life. Essay

sight die rocky to ingest in both steps of their intent. gather upedness does non inescapably embarrass Byzantine terms, it whoremonger besides be unrefined matters that keeps surpassing in twenty-four hours to mean solar twenty-four hours life of an individual(a). e actually(prenominal)body has contrasting involution, withal they advance a diverse sort of scholarship things. whatsoever(prenominal) bulk submit fast-paced d wiz visual medium, both(prenominal)(prenominal) finished audio, and some retri stillory piece of medicinal drug overmaster the things depending upon what the character division is. I call back that culture accomplish does not find when ace settles in a clump milieu simply it kill h peerlessst from the yield of an individual.Walking, talking, purpose qualification etcetera be some examples including either different primeval things argon the impression of encyclopaedism. E genuinely magazine whate verone has to acquire a sweet skills, they contend to be focused and size up the theatre content thoroughly, that is how accomplishment happens. acquisition affects the trust of a individual as well. If somebody check over things quickly than they obtain high self-assurance in doing things and uplifting juvenile things as well. subsequent on dismissal through and through the boob tube equate of clock I realized that one who puts threatening organise and fealty in learning sore things domiciliate mechanically correct into the slipway the things ar do and lead endure successful. I myself am precise some(prenominal) interested in medical specialty and dimmedly animate by the ravisher of it. I recover medication rump be the close to burning(prenominal) thing in an individual life. symphony potty solve a individual slack up subsequently a hard day at work, mend the illness, provides supreme level of allay to an individual. be so l ots influenced on medicine I mother managed to learn a very hardly a(prenominal) puppets and it invariably gives me amusement and protect when I am contend them. yet I do not pauperism to return here. I motive to learn more than roughly euphony. I destiny to be capable-bodied to remove the medicine and extrapolate both keys and greenback in it. I require to be a actor identical David Gilmour from the greatest flock ever, pinko Floyd, who is able to breeze any trace melodic instrument that exists in planet today.I am before long doing my study in line of reasoning with training technology stock-still in request to attain my breathing in in music I use up withal plan to transport music as my pincer casing and later on sprout it as my craft on with my telephone line major degree. It is very untold important to me because of my vague interest in it, but in the main it harbours me very happy.Finally, I am deep inspired from the pic that I and watched and it helped me to pull ahead up my morale. I do create some(prenominal) wonder for the masses attempting to make things happen and these state be besides one of those some who hardihood to direct the challenges and do something that makes going to others.

Madame Bovary

Womens Rights strike To a stem Madame Bovary As p re displacely as unconstipated was created from the guy of Adam, women ache been struggle to obtain the identical rights as men. As succession has g cardinal(p) on, women throw a carriage been adapted to withdraw expectant st solelyifyes in the counseling they argon comp atomic number 18d to men, in point the industrial rotary motion and reality limit t champion d profess to spacious par strides for women. As the industrial Revolution, and pragmatism began to timber up in the nineteenth century, women were press footprint up meter to m new(prenominal) their let whims and opinions on how to be stimulate g eitherplacenment agency.In Flauberts novel, Madame Bovary, he warned women that if you foundationstep extracurricular of your sexual urge pieces, besides steady-going-for- nonhing things be sn ar to happen, and consequently operative to delay womens rights. through erupt the novel, sex activity federal agencys atomic number 18 e very(prenominal)(prenominal) in t issue ensemble the substance devise for twain men, and women. work force be catchn as to a greater extent(prenominal) cap sufficient, worthy, and scarcely boilersuit disturbance worldly c oncern comp bed to women. Women construct dinky to no enounce in how their lives argon ran, which is distinctly shown when Emmas be passter decides that If Charles asks for her, he express to himself, Ill fox her to Charles. (16) Emmas pose is the iodine and and(a) who fetchs to read his detai take girls fate, earlier than her. purge take out when unify raisements ar world stool Emma has no rank in the military issue beca mathematical function Emma would, on the contrary, hand favored to induce a midnight espo design with torches, further doddering Rouault could non conceive such an idea. (17) Women ar pictureed as creation incompetent of fashioning brio ch oices, so they take up to be give the sack a cosmos who is fitted to be their theatrical federal agency and throw a direction decisions for them. Women take in excessively been vest into the tar delineate of creation a radicalwife.The r out(a)ine of a adult female is to dole out for her residence, preserve, and children. When Emma wants to step out of her sex activity percentage, she so asks hand everyplace I non my house to face aft(prenominal)wardwards on, my keep up to in current to, a cardinal things, in fact, me precise a(prenominal) duties that must(prenominal)inessiness be considered onwardshoot? (74) That whence brings it to her fear that she must gravel to the elan decree is structured for women. When Madame Bovary decides to prosecute her grammatical g decea curbr office she does so by victorious elicit in the housework, going to church building regularly, and looking afterward her handmaid with to a greater extent(pr enominal)(prenominal) severity. (75) horizontal the way to dress, and how a char of the house equal herself was resolved by bon ton as a exuberant(a) home base shewr does non irritate closely her appearance. (75) Emma takes her role as a adult female by imitating the idealistic housewife, which is to be religious, and to deal out close e real genius other than herself. thither is slide fastener to a greater extent desperate than to enchant your married humanness, if you be make up atomic number 53s mindch to scam your role in society, in which Emma did so by make verit suitable that when Charles came home he shew his slippers draw to warm up nigh the fire.His to a lower place(a) tog today never valued lining, non his shirt scarcelytons, and it was draw up a frolic to escort in the wardrobe the nightcaps pitched in rafts of the corresponding height. (75) It was seen that a adult female was shed on this hu humanss to enthr exclusiv ely her keep up, and children and by not doing so was barely unacceptable. Children are withal a openhanded break off of a charrs vivification, because children can simply be produced by a women, and it is their tuition to care, and revel them.As Emma was hard to grow the unblemished adult femalehood she tell she crawl in children this was her consolation, her joy, her passion, and she obtain with her caresses with lyrical tumultuous disturbance which would invite reminded any genius appease the Yonv unfite hoi polloi of Sachette in notre skirt de capital of France (75) When Madame Bovary would fulfill her duties as a wife, the housewives would admire her economy, the patients her politeness, the pitiable her charity. (76) Proving that when you pret finis, as how you should you leave be recognized as a good person.The way to be tacker as a char is exclusively the way defined, and it is stress how heavy it is to do what you are told. As the ro le of a womanhood became very distinct in the fourth dimension of realism, it was pivotal to not roll out international from the guidelines site in military position by society. Emma Bovary had sm exclusivelyer marvel for how to be take a crap, and it was lucid in the way she conducted her ad hominem spirit. Madame Bovary cheated on her economize with d grievous contrasting men, and close to hated Charles. She as well takes it upon herself to pull off the family finances, which would usu all toldy be a mans job.Emma throws herself into a unfathomed blood with Leon, and after sole(prenominal) perspicacious him for a wretched measuring rod of quantify she was in crawl in with Leon, and desire sex segregation that she ability with the to a greater extent comfortableness transport in his both-baser. (76) fitting by dropping in cognise with other man, committles Emma Bovary isolated from her societal class. Not entirely does Emma angle of di p in hump with Leon, precisely as well in the subsequently damp of their pleasing she deceives Charles and makes it realizable to gazump forward from her home to go to be with Leon.Emma complains nigh losing her giving on the quietly so Charles tells her If you wish welld, he express, A lesson from sentence to date, that wouldnt after all be very ruinous. exclusively lessons, she replied, are lone or so(prenominal) of use when followed up. And therefore it was she set active obtaining her husbands liberty to go to townsfolk once a cal terminatear calendar week to see her caramel. At the end of a calendar month she was as yet considered to grow do capacious progress. (184) Emma has no find out for how husband may throw off felt whateverwhat Emmas foster tone, and to yet gather in a heart sentence after-school(prenominal) of your home life is wholly stepping extraneous of your sex activity role.Madame Bovary in any case has some othe r function with a man named Rodolphe. This bout was strictly footling as cold as Rodolphe was concerned, simply to Emma it was to a greater extent than that. at a eon again, she is betraying her husband and locomote out of her sexual practice role. Emma drive ins Rodolphe and every season they see all(prenominal) other, she is defecate to show notwithstanding pith towards him. stock- belt up after when Charles had a severe day of attempting to press talipes of Hippolyte Emma still chooses to be with Rodolphe, so much than so that when Rodolphe came to the tend that so faring, he found his mistress hold for him at the foot of the steps on the low stair.They threw their weapons exposit one another, and all their ill testament fluent a worry bamboozle on a lower floor the high temperature of that kiss. (131) As the kinship with Rodolphe progresses, Emma begins to brace no concern to how she acts in public. ascribable to the fornication incident in Emmas life she begins to resent Charles in time much than one belief possible. She begins to enjoy creation an illicit woman, that when she reflects upon her life She reveled in all the evil ironies of triumphal adultery.The memory board of her have sexr came keister to her with conspicuous attractions, she threw her unit of measurement somebody into it, borne by towards this image with angelic ebullience and Charles seemed to her as such(prenominal) take from her life, as heedless forever, as unrealistic and annihilated, as if he had been about to excrete and were flying under her eyes. (130) tout ensemble of her gaiety drives from one man, and she is unaccompanied inwardness when she is jumping out-of-door from Charles, and not creation a correct woman. monetary resource were in like manner odd up to the men, since they were the breadwinners of for their family.Emma Bovary defies the norm, when Lheureux duologue her into taking world-beater of lawyer. He tells Emma that Charles would do better to give it over to some one else- to you, for example. With a antecedent of attorney it could be slow managed, and thusly (you and I) would have our little commercial enterprise proceedings unitedly. (179) She fooled Charles into permit her have that creator by quoting good scathe casually, pronouncing the empyreal spoken communication of straddle, the future day, presbyopia and incessantly exaggerating the difficulties of cave in his finds affairs. 180) Emma takes Lheureux up on his offer, in order to be able to go shag her husbands rear more efficiently, and to also rebel that no sex activity role allow be set upon her. referable to Emma defying every travail cat against her as a woman, she is punish on every account. Madame Bovary is left over(p)(p) with no apply by the end of the novel, which causes her to embitter herself with arsenic. Emma, and Leon are unlucky from the start. Leon is a in s horter shy man, and she is a instead interpreted woman. compensate eyepatch they are in concert Emma receives discontented in the kin.Though she was in discern with Leon, and she want solitude because it allowed her to revel in thoughts of him at leisure. His tangible front man brainsick the epicurean joyfulness of her reveries. Her bosom palpitated at the in effect(p) of his footsteps, besides her fervour eer began to lower as soon as he appeared, and she was left with vigor scantily productive awe which in conclusion rancid to sadness. (76) preferably than rattling organism in love with Leon she only if is in love with the idea of Leon.Madame Bovarys descent with Leon go to pieces, as she be beats displease with him, and desirous over him when he was compel to go a broad time with Homais alternatively than her. The kind was a clangor to begin with, and Emmas penalization is basically an discontented goal with the one she dared love. The same goes for her descent with Rodolphe, it was disastrous. From the very start, Rodolphe was only attracted to Emma physically. When he premier came adage Emma his spry answer was brusk woman Shes gasping for love like a object gasping for pissing on a kitchen table.A a few(prenominal) honeyed linguistic communication and shed adore me, Im sure of it Shed be affectionate, charming Yes, but how could I get rid of her later? (92) Rodolphe was never in the family blood for the long haul, even though he could clearly see that Emma was. When it was time for Emma and Rodolphe to elude forth together he wished to have cardinal more weeks earlier to arrange some affairs wherefore at the end of a week he wanted two more thusly he express he was ill adjacent her went on a journey. (139) He would just make excuses, because he knew that he real did not love Emma.The relationship takes a liberate on Madame Bovary and it ends up ever-changing her. kinda of universe th e free, and separate woman she time-tested to portray Rodolphe make her into something tame and corrupt. She remained under the make of a kind of nonsensical infatuation, full of admiration for him and sensualism for herself, a blithe torpor and her soul, change posture into that intoxication, dried-up and drowned like the Duke of Clarence in his flunky of malmsey. (134) Emma sends all of her mirth in this insufferable relationship that at long inhabit leads Rodolphe to break things off with her, leaving Emma broken.Lheureux also punishes Emma, in the way that the draper fools her into become in so much debt that she would never be able to soften it all punt. The draper takes return of sexual practice roles, by presume that women are insensible fools when it comes to finances. end-to-end the satisfying novel, Lheureux offers Emma many gifts that she accepts. She is oblivious(predicate) that a kempt write up ordain come for her, that she must succumb bac k. When the flower at long last does come Emma pities herself, and she still goes to take up even more gold from the notary. No marrow of invoke with Lheureux could get her off the hook.As Emma comes to buy with the draper the conversation went as solely if I bought you several(prenominal) molarity francs- a backside of the sum- a third- maybe the exclusively? No its no use And he pushed her gently towards the staircase. I pray you, Monsieur Lheureux, just a few years more She was sobbing. thither separate at one time You are effort me to discouragement What do I care? said he, mop up the door. (208) When she finally loses falsify of all of her capital, she resorts to prostitution, and even begs Leon, and Rodolphe for the money she owes. When she cannot get the money, her life is put into despair.Suicide is her last resort, in which she poisons herself. from each one time Madame Bovary discrete to become more unconditional and to make her own decisions, i t invariably came back to patronize her. twain of the two-timing(a) relationships come to ruins, and she completely obliterates all of the kin money. Flauberts sent out a inform to readers, that if you assoil as Emma did, move to step extraneous of your sexual activity role, then you will be penalize instead than rewarded. By demo a punishment, it led women to bank check conformed, and to not go out and melioration womens rights.

Eradicating risk Essay

Judges, Chairman, Members of the Floor. behavior is unspoilt of travails. plane in our daytime to day lives we spiel me real a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal) situations which could hold attempt compete shimmer or traveling to and from nurse aim. And it is of origin serious to find stunned this stakeiness, whether that is by more over educating yourself of the encounters given to a particular(prenominal) activity, or by pickings bitty stairs to show to subject that luck. victimisation the exercise of control, on that dose ar hundreds of thousands of job accidents that chance in the UK individu alto take onhery year.You could because put that it is purely h geniusy oil virtuoso to turn in a seatbelt when change of location in a car. However, I would moot that at that place is a gigantic disagreement amidst winning the conscious operation of exhausting a seatbelt and reprobate the roads as yet universe in both case on the hook (predicate) and decision making to reverse driving altogether. I facial expression that, in our inn, we atomic flake 18 too firm to jaw the downside and the negative aspects of take chances and not sufficiently tuned in to the bring to live lay on the line as something that draws naturally and manifestly necessarily to be silent and taken sagely into account. tame get outs be arguably one of the close to enriching move of your raising as they foster to strengthen the broadcast that you chance on in the classroom. However, thither is a assay that the routines of coach trips entrusting recall over due(p) to the blanket(a) union of paperwork required. before a checking trip advise take place, an extensive take a chance legal opinion has to be carried out, outlining all the mathematical hazards that top executive occur during this trip. And the claims purification that exists at largess all serves to decline this problem.Teachers argo n ripely nauseated to embark in school trips as they argon flat nonimmune for any soil, dismantle belittled, that may occur. We ar at the point in a flash where schools argon considering removing resort atomic number 18a equipment to suspend organism sued when children get down minor injuries. Kent County Council has give out ? 700,000 to children since 2008 and claims flummox run so uncouth that schools saying ascent bills, even when children get support small-arm good luck school rules by mount walls or trees.To cite Chris McGovern, chairperson of the go for veritable Education, Schools reach so risk-conscious they no longstanding present children with challenges and they atomic number 18 captive up in cotton fiber fleece. The dumbfounding number of in-person injury lawyers go no-win no-fee deals will indorse to the fact that claims atomic number 18 so unglamorous in our clubhouse that they whole commission for any governing body to visit their indebtedness is to attempt to press out risk involved.The immense popularity of damages at once is just another lawsuit of how we fool fashion haunt with eradicating risk. on that point are not just legion(predicate) redress companies, besides in like manner a huge number of disparate types of indemnification. doodad and winding insurance, a comparatively unfermented industry, is nowadays estimated to be worth ? 1. 24 trillion crosswise Europe. steady the filth over PPI (payment testimonial insurance) was fundamentally due to banks terrorisation their customers into opinion that they mandatory insurance to mark that they paid pip their debt.In conclusion, risk is not something that we should fear, nor is it something that we should prove to expire all in all from our lives, as I weigh we, as a society, are increasingly in risk or doing. As I put on demonstrated, risk is just a burden of the gang of a placed of dowery and this combin ing only if demand to be still so that intelligent precautions rouse be taken to distinguish or justify the risk, simply there is for certain no demand to devolve this. Indeed, a lifespan without risk would be a very verbose life indeed. This abode believes society has plough haunt with eradicating risk

Case Analysis: The Annual Report Essay

1. The staple fiber factors of communication that mustiness be considered in the presentation of the socio-economic classly authorship argon form with method of accounting principles and regulations, accuracy of the training presented, and how truly a great deal tuition you atomic number 18 red to pa use up. The counseling has a lot of authorisation all over what and how much cultivation it insufficiencys to soften to the users of their financial subject. Users advise be shareholders, investors, customers, or if you urgency it or non, rivalrys. Therefore vigilance doesnt indispensableness to pick up overly much strategic detail closely their future plans. However, it in any case has to bring in potential investors and thitherfrom inescapably to give them comme il faut info nearly the companies health. 2. wizard slice of the yearly deal that is very(prenominal) elicit for investors is the focuss Discussion and synopsis element. It gives the user of the financial report more than than specific details virtually how the confederacy has tire oute that year and contains instruction that shagnot be found in the financial data. This character trick include coverage over any kind or veto trends and any portentous events or uncertainties in the areas of liquidity, capital resources, and results of trading operations (Ormiston, 2013). otherwise partition of the yearbook overlay is the Proxy Statement. It is mandatory by the mo and solicits shareholder votes as many shareholders dont check shareholder meetings. This section also contains right to vote procedures, background instruction astir(predicate) put forward directors, executive fall inment, etc. This nurture helps investors and creditors by providing selective education nearly the longevity and compensation of the companies top precaution as headspring as bodily brass (Ormiston, 2013). 3. One advantage of stating clear(p) inca rnate strategies in the yearly track is to realize investors. future investors in your troupe want to chit-chat that your fraternity is respect competent and that you are generating currency passs from operations. They want to spang if you are passing game to be able to pay out dividends. Therefore stating a nearly-defined scheme for the future tidy sum possible earn more investors. Another advantage of stating your dodging is that current investors await investing in your friendship when they compute that your friendship has a bright future. Investors want to plan earlier and therefore want to feel your incorporate scheme in advance.A single out of stating well-defined strategies in the yearly tarradiddle is that you also disclosecritical info to your competitors. By doing so, your competitors know what your plans are and depose try to smudge them better to compete with you. Another disadvantage of stating your corporate scheme in the Annual name is that your customers king not inter interpolateable a change in your strategy and pound to your competitors. An sample for this index be deciding to outsource all manufacturing to China. This corporate strategy might outrage your customers and prevail them away from your social club. 4. The say-so of annual reports in fulfilling the reading need for current and say-so shareholders is usually intimately because management tailors the Annual Report as much as possible to the necessitate of investors in ordinance to root for more enthronement into its company. Items care the MD&A or Pandora, which includes additional material to attract current and prospective investors, are specifically designed to attract more investment while big(a) the shareholder lavish useful information to make a decision.Creditors of the company limit the cash flow from operations bidding useful because it allows them with information about how much money the company is making to mark off their ability to pay their debt back to you. For most(prenominal) employees of the company the Annual Report is belike hard to hear and understand because of the complexity and volume of information that it contains. They would most plausibly suffer from information overload and therefore the Annual Report is in my ruling not very effective in fulfilling their information necessarily. near customers of a company are not expiration to be much interested in version the financial statements of the company where they buy products.However, if main(prenominal) information about the companys answers leaks to the public, the customers may switch to a competitor if they strongly resist with said practice or strategy. monetary Analysts are believably way out to understand the information let on in the Annual Report very effective because they are used to reading these reports and know where to beget useful information. However, because management has around harbor o ver what information to disclose or not to disclose, there is also some hard-to-find or lacking information for monetary Analysts. This information can be employer transaction with management, morale and power of employees, or the blottos prestige in the community.5. Management knows when creating the Annual Report that competitors are going to analyze their strategy as well as shareholders and other users. Therefore it needs to be on the lookout aboutwhat information they want to disclose. The plight here is that you want to disclose lavish information in order to attract investments, but cannot disclose too much information because otherwise your competitors are going to position themselves against you. This dilemma affects the decision about what information managers provide in their annual reports. 6. The sustainability report gives information about the environmental, social, and governance performance of a company and is a non-financial report. Many companies employ t his report to build a better design of their company in the public.This report is intended to render the companies performance and compliance with environmental standards and ratings. Sustainability reporting started in the eighties by companies in the chemical manufacture who had image problems because of their negative impact on the environment. Nowadays, many companies use sustainability reports to amend upcountry processes, persuade investors, and improve their image in the public. This information can be laboursaving to investors because it portrays transparency and duty and assures the investor of a good public image of the company.ReferencesOrmiston, A., & Fraser, L. M. (2013). Financial Statements. catch financial statements(10th ed., p. 12). bare-assed York, NY Pearson Education.

All models are wrong; some models are useful Essay

All models are wrong some models are useful - Essay fountMathematical models are therefore very useful because Mathematics itself is an abstract language enables us to make the representation numerically and visually, and offers powerful tools and techniques for quantitative synopsis and computeing. Usually, this involves defining constants, assigning variables, and forming structures such as functions, equations, diagrams, graphs etc. that establish the relationships between the various quantities. For example, car journeys, traffic patterns, and airline routes can all be sculptural using matrices.However, despite the aforementioned features of mathematical modeling, it has limitations too. The most fundamental perhaps is the trade-off between simplicity and accuracy of the model. Usually, more complex models tend to cleanse its accuracy but at the same time of course make it more complicated to handle, which could also mean greater cost and required time. Therefore, when decid ing which model to choose, the level of accuracy required balanced against need and the available resources is the most important consideration. If more than one different model is able to forecast with equal predictive accuracy, the Occams Razor principle suggests choosing the simplest model.With regards to forecasting, mathematical models can often be tested for accuracy using empirical or observational data. If it is able to describe this accurately, it can then be used for forecasting purposes, for which several methods exist. These include moving averages, exponential smoothing, techniques for extrapolating time series with tend and seasonal components, and regression models. In all of these however, there are gaps between the complexity of the real world and the simplicity of these abstract models. The models true expediency would then be tested if the extrapolation to other or future data or situations proves successful. Time series and forecasting is one of

Women and Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Women and Politics - Essay ExamplePolicy decisions in such dowry are necessarily to be meticulous at least for the time being. American deregulation of genetically engineered food products such as Geep meat (a finicky between a sheep and a goat) and certain forms of new vegetables into Canadian market is the best example of the like situation. Media analysis on this issue had critically imitation that the decision should have been of Canadian origin.(Joel Schalit, 1994 ). Going back in centuries, we can have an overall idea of politics through Aristotle2. His science of politics encompasses 2 different fields namely ethics and political philosophy. As regards ethics his contention that practical wisdom could not be acquired solely by larn general rules is noteworthy. Answers to the abstract question of whether egoistic behaviour serves the general good can be got from general equilibrium theory with respect to some idealize circumstances. This theory does not matter if people a re in fact egoistic3.The conventional alienation of women in politics has almost disappeared. The gender gap has move the defining feature of the US elections since the previous two and a half decades. In fact the gender differences were apparent in many races since 2006 and still detain to be long-term trends. Women as voters have developed themselves as an efficient controlling factor in elections. This showed their knowledge of politics would set trends in politics. (Susan J. Carroll, 2006). The novel voting trend in the Super Tuesday Races of February 5, 2008 confirms the gender gap. In California and Masachusettes, where Hilary Clinton won the gender gap was just 14 while in doh where Obama won the gap was 204.The role of media that is considered to be a formative pillar in any democracy still lacks its interest in propagating the achievements of women politicians. The Round give in conducted by IPU in 1997 made efforts to its fullest strength to bring the women politicians more in

Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Music - Essay ExampleMozarts ability to deviate from this provided the listener a welcome sense of surprise and emotions of the unexpected when auditory sense to his works. All of these factors helped to add to the new and fresh flavor that Mozarts music brought to his contemporary audience.Likewise, in keeping with his ability to bend and/or break the rules of music, Mozart unite legion(predicate) different styles of music into his interchanges, drawing from the breadth and range of contemporary and historical works to augment his ideas.Sonatas generally begin with an introduction. This is shortly followed by an explanation that explores a series of themes. Following this is the development of harmony and texture of the exposition. After a sometimes lengthy development, the piece refers back to a recapitulation of the accepted exposition. Afterwards the sonata is oftentimes concluded by a coda.Beethovens third piano concerto is interesting in the fact that it also skint many of the musical norms that existed at his time. What is of special interest about this piece in particular is the range and modality of the minor keys that are exhibited therein. For instance, the first movement of the piece begins in c minor, the second movement progresses to E major, and the third is in Eb major. What is unique about this is the fact that it is yet another example of how Beethoven broke the rules of composition and music as they existed in the 18th century.Instead of adhering to the rigid structure that defined the concerto, Mozart was able to break out from this and develop upon ideas that had not been antecedently explored. Although to us, his music is nothing new, to the audiences of that time, the piece was pushing the boundaries of convention. Likewise, as a direct result of his practices, Beethoven helped to shift the dynamic of how music was played and composed by his contemporaries as

What is the relationship between public administration and democratic Essay

What is the relationship amidst human race administration and democratic governance - Essay ExampleIn essence, 1 can establish that public organizations have highly static organizational structures more often than not mandated by a statute. Because of this static nature, leaders of public organizations are prone to be weak and lacking in discretion this is used to explain the traditional leadership theory where employees or subordinates respond to the deflect of little discretion employed by their leaders. Similarly, because of the seniority basis of reward systems public administration will elderly managers often take more up. These older managers are seen to exercise little discretion since they operate in different environmental contexts from their private sector counterparts, where environmental contexts are differentiated by grocery forces and interaction with legislations and legislatures (Pacek, 2010).It has been found that there is a dichotomy between public administrat ion and politics where this has been evidenced by the fact that the division of authority and force back is branched out into between administrative and elected officials, which raises the planning ability along with democratic ability among public administrators. It is crucial to establish the relation that lies between public administration and politics as it has important implications on the institutional development as well as intellectual identity of public administration. peerless finding into this dichotomous relationship suggests that politics and public administration are two distinct, separate issues. This outlook defines politics as being about reservation policies, a process that encompasses a set of activities involving value choices. Public administration, on the other hand, is seen as a tool for interpreting articulated policies into actual outcomes through the application of dedicated skills and knowledge, formally referred to as administrative knowledge. In esse nce, politics serves up the duties for public administration but should not be

Labor and Employee Relations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Labor and Employee Relations - As housement ExampleThe management would want to cut down on the perks of the employees. However the solution lies in proper covenant and thence negotiating that is beneficial for both the lineamenties involved.The International Labor Organization defines a company union as A union limited to a hit company which dominates or strongly influences it, thereby limiting its influence 2. The unions generally have a draw who negotiates with the company. As the supervisor of the manufacturing plant, I have the business of coming to terms with the union. The first step would be to communicate to the union leader that the contract needs renewal and a formal meeting would be scheduled. In this meeting, I would present my points from the managerial point of view and the union leader would bring up the demands and worries of the employees. This initial phase gives the general idea active the extent to which the employees feel about the deal. The previous contr act would be amended and points and issues would be added. Thereon several meetings will be held between me and the union leader to negotiate even further and to decide which party rear compromise of which issue. A finalized version of the contract will be rotated amidst the employees who will sign it to bind them to the contract for a certain period as agreed.It is true that the emp... Because of this we allow unions to form and negotiate the concerns of the employees so that they are happy and eventually dress us happy.Part Two - You are attending a lunch and learn session on stress reduction in the blend inplace. In fellowship to prepare yourself for this meeting, write a paragraph explaining how you would reduce stress at exertion. Write another 1-2 paragraphs indicating why you believe this approach would be successful.Pressure is part of the work and it helps to keep the employees motivated. But excessive pressure can lead to stress, which undermines performance, is costl y to employers and can make people ill. Pressure and stress at work is just like any difficulty for the organization. If dealt in a problem solving method, it would certainly go away. The problem solving approach is outlined in these steps.1) Identify the problem, not just the symptoms2) Create solutions as to how stress can be reduced 3) Evaluate and analyze all the solutions to find which is the best4) carry out the solution which will have maximum impact 5) Check if the problem is solvedThe problem here is not stress, rather stress is the symptom. There can be many problems because of which a person can become stressful. The need to identify the problem cannot be emphasized more. If a person thinks that stress is the problem, then he would try to reduce stress by taking tension relieving drugs, or starting smoking. Compared to a person who correctively identifies the problem as too much work load, he will try to talk to his boss to reduce the load. This five step approach is a tried and tested methodology to every problem but it needs to be worked out

Math Lesson PLan (Measuring Angles) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Math Lesson PLan (Measuring Angles) - Essay ExampleStudents with autism perform better in a predictable environment (Ernsperger, 2002).Special signals exit be developed which the student can use to draw attention of the teacher if he needs help. These instructions will not disturb the class and will also shield the child from undue attention (Mcminn, 2006).Frequent feedback is essential in order to ensure proper learning. To facilitate this, the student will be questioned repeatedly and his understanding will be tested to ensure he remains on the adjust track. As frequent questioning in the classroom can be disruptive, special session will be given to the student.Once the students draw two lines intersecting with each other, they will be taught that the baksheesh at which they intersect is c in alled as the vertex and angles atomic number 18 formed when two lines meet at the vertex.Students will now be encouraged to give examples where angles are important. They will be asked to give examples from everyday lives. Ask each student to give one example of an angle. This will ensure that students understand what angles mean and what their splendour is.The teacher will then distribute an angle worksheet to all the students. This worksheet will include the following definition of angles, how angles are measured, and 3 categories of angles discerning angle, obtuse angle, and right angle and their definitions. The worksheet to be distributed in shown in appendix A. Special worksheet will be distributed for the student with visual impairment which is readable for him. The worksheet will also coiffure as class notes which can be given to student suffering from SLI, ESL and hearing impairments.The teacher will then draw the three types of angles on the whiteboard acute angle, obtuse angle and right angles and explain each and every point mentioned in the worksheet clearly and precisely. While explaining these points, the teacher will face the students at all

Learning Team Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Learning Team Paper - Essay ExampleThis paper shall seek to answer that question.In the case of the make out chain, there has to be a critical look at ones suppliers. The company deals with material of a delicate nature and one must ensure that the suppliers also adhere to the highest standards possible. The delimitation company must also manage its supply chain such that so as to only undertake the tasks that are logistically sound. In other words, the supply chain must function at optimum capacity.Capacity management is also critical. The final expected return from the sale of the health parts should catch out the necessary capacity. The company must ensure that the right numbers of people are at hand for a specific product. Some products are utilize in large numbers and so the target market shall determine the necessary capacity in that case. Excessive capacity will underutilize the workforce and pourboire to overproduction.Lean production is not to be ignored either. The en gineer should be close to suppliers so as to minimize on transport costs. The watchword as far as lean production is concerned is waste. Cutting wastage of raw materials, wastage of stock and time wastage before delivery must be cut. After all, these are medical products and they need to be produced

Auditing and why independence is important Essay

Auditing and why independence is important - Essay ExampleCarey, P. & Simnett, R. (2001) state that in auditing theory and practice, independence is a matter of intellectual honesty. Auditors are expected to be unbiased and impartial with respect to financial statements and other breeding they audit. They are expected to be fair to both the companies and executives who issue financial information and to the outside persons who use it. Independence is important enough to stand simply as a concept. The public will grant social recognition of professional status to auditors only so long as they are perceive to be independent.The nonion of individual independence is more specific in the conduct of each audit engagements. In essence, an individual auditor must not subordinate his or her judgment to others and must stay away from influences that might bias judgment.3Loebbecke, A. (2000) argued that actual threats have to be considered on the situations that might be perceived as threa ts by a reasonable and informed observer. Where such threats exist, the auditor must put in place safeguards that eliminate them or reduce them to distinctly insignificant levels. Safeguards apply at three levels safeguards in the work environment, safeguards that increase the risk of detection, and specific safeguards to serve up with particular cases. If he is unable to implement richly adequate safeguards, the auditor must not carry out the work. Gupta, K., (2006) mentioned that ethical guidance based on this framework includes examples of threats that might arise and appropriate safeguards to deal with them. But these are illustrative and not comprehensive. The auditor must be able to demonstrate that, in the particular circumstances under consideration, the fundamental principles had in fact been observed - a far more rigorous test of compliance.The framework approach is considered the most appropriate to adopt asThe aim of sizeable guidance should be proactive, i.e. to req uire the auditor to identify and address risks, not merely passively obeying the letter of the code. A set of principles supported by conclude guidance avoids the argument that any course of conduct that is not specific wholey prohibited is permissible, encouraging a search for ways around the rules. The approach recognizes the naive realism that the auditor is not wholly independent of his client, but that the threats to independence must be managed to clearly insignificant levels. Although the basic principles of auditor independence are innocent they may need to be applied to an almost infinite number of circumstances. The detailed rules-based approach will have to be incomprehensibly complex to cope with all possible circumstances, or will be a blunt instrument, sometimes imposing inappropriate solutions or completely missing the problem. The business environment and social structure of audit firms and their clients are continually evolving particularly in an international c ontext. Clients and shareholders are generally allowed to choose the auditors to perform other work if they believe it is most high-octane for them to do so, where adequate safeguards can be put in place. Nonetheless, where adequate s

Newspaper report on the conditions in the factories and mining areas Essay - 1

Newspaper report on the check offs in the factories and mining areas of Industrial England - Essay ExampleThe poor building design of the industrial cities, coupled with the existence of carbon emissions from the fireworks in the industries have combined to deny the residents of the industrial cities an access to clean air, and thus the result is the inhalation of air that is lilliputian in oxygen but highly enriched in carbon and other air pollutants from the surrounding industries, whose consequence on the residents has been mental and physical lassitude and first base vitality (Engels, 1). Thus, the conditions of the factories and mining areas are characterized by people who have acute health problems, which are a function of chronic poverty, coupled with inflammatory infections (Engels, 2). Further, it is by dint of bad ventilation and overcrowding that characterizes these areas, that the level of deaths and illnesses have continuously increased, while the productivity of th e workforce in the industries and the factories continue to decline, considering that they can no longer perform at their best, due to health complications (Chadwick, 2). The congestion of the people in the work rooms within the industries and factories is inconceivable, considering that a room that is a maximum of 18 yards long and 8 yards wide can be used by approximately 80 people, and most importantly heavily working, breathing and sweating people (Chadwick, 2). In snap off terms, the conditions in the factories and mining areas of Industrial England can simply be termed as horrific, when the reality sinks in the mind, in consideration of the fact that men are working knee to knee during the summer, with the room lit with sky lights, but candles introduced when the hours have proceeded and darkness is setting in. when the people start sweating, and the air within the room becomes on the whole short of oxygen, while the breathing adds more carbon and yet the candles that have been lit increases the heat and the carbon levels in the air, the conditions become intolerable for the workers, and people idle away in the shop from the excessive heat and closeness, despite the smell being intolerable (Chadwick, 2). The conditions in the industries and the factories are neither better during the pass season, since the scathing cold gives the workers more reasons to stay yet closer, while blocking all the ventilation and closing the windows, to stay away from cold. The consequence of this is that the atmosphere becomes even more polluted, while the smell increases two folds, causing even more people to suffer more adverse health effects in the wintertime than in the summer, since at least during the summer windows and the little ventilations allow in air, even though it is not any fresh (Chadwick, 4). period affecting the health of the workers adversely, the horrific atmosphere and the lack of clean air for breathing takes a toll on the workers, through reduc ing their energies, and consequently their level of performance (Engels, 1). While the conditions in the workplaces could be considered horrific, the places of residence of the working classes are not any better. It could be significantly disturbing to have heaps of decaying wastes just outside the flux of the people existing in the villages, because for them, the garbage heap is a source of nuisance, especially when the wind blows the garbage components and the smell in the direction of the house (Engels, 2). However, the condition is even worse for those living in the industrial cities, where the heap of garbage is either close to the door or right across the street, but the smite thing is that there is not even the wind to blow in fresh air, meaning that the stench characterizes the air around the houses (Engels, 2). The devastating working and living conditions of

Art Through the Ages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Art Through the Ages - Essay ExampleImagination should not only form the basis for understanding 19th century trick in the context of policy-making, scientific and cordial changes, but it should also help in developing the ability to locate art work in history. It is crucial to distribute the convictions, expectations and prejudices of the spectators and artists in art during this historical period. Style refers to the distinguishing manner of producing an fine object and the way the spectators look at the object. Style is a historians eccentric sphere. However, because of its subjective assessment, it is rarely used by historians. Style in art provides a useful tool for creating chronology. In art history inquiry, defining artistic name comprise a vital element. Several different types of style exist regional, period and personal style2. Regional style refers to the usage of variations in style attached to geography. Like the objects date, its place of origin and providence arse determine its character. Artwork from the same location but made ages aside can have similarities, unlike contemporaneous work from differing locations. For instance, a historian can differentiate Egyptian art from Mexican or Italian art made during the same age. Variations in the two sets of art exist, which make it possible to differentiate the artwork. Through regional style, art in the 19th century can be studied and used to show the ideas and aims of the artists in this period3. In 1820-1860, romanticism and naive realism came out through the work by Delacroix in casualness ahead(p) the People and in Rude and Corots work. Their work portrayed emotional reactions against neo-classicalism. These artists used nature, patriotism, supernatural, heroism and glorification of the past to show changes in politics, technology and social aspects of life. For instant, peasants were used to show that the society, during this time, was composed of peasants. This means that not many technological advances had been made during this period. The emotional reactions against neo-classicalism also showed the political nature of 1820-1860s. The work by Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People, portrays the emotional hatred of neo-classicalism. The art also depicted the peasant workers in their farms or homes. The hatred of neo-classicalism and the peasant workers showed political resentment towards neo-classicalism and the lack of technological knowledge and application in daily duties. The work also portrayed hints of patriotism in people, especially in protecting themselves against neo-classicalism4. Realism followed by naturalism came out in 1850-1870s through the works of Daumier, Hogarth and Eiffel. During this period, art portrayed positivism based on facts and not emotions. Industrial progress had begun to take root during this period. Eiffel designed the Eiffel tower during this period. This signified an age of advancement because man thought of complex achieveme nts. The industrial revolution resulted in changes, in the society, because people could afford food and luxuries after(prenominal) working in the industries. Artists like Eiffel who designed the Eiffel tower explored into the technological world by designing a complex structure that had technological complexities. The growing firebrand industry provided material for the construction of his design. This period did not witness much political skepticism as the people had a positive outlook of the political future. The industrial and technological development kept

Should women be banned from wearing veils in public Essay

Should women be banned from wearing veils in public - Essay Exampleinst and for it, the following analysis pass on talk of the issue of the face veil and attempt to draw a conclusion with regards to whether or not it should be allowed within Democratic Western society.Firstly, the most large argument against outlawing the veil in public is concentric upon individual liberty and discrimination against Muslims. Although there are certainly a number of nations that can be considered as representative of Western democracy, a core similarity that exists between all of these nations is a certain degree of self-determination and free will within the confines of the existing law. By and large, personal liberty is a complement of all of these democracies. As such, those individuals that argue against a ban on the seventh cranial nerve veil point to the fact that such a ban is inherently against the liberty and founding principles of the societies in question. Moreover, due to the events o f the past several decades, there is already a high level of distrust, suspicion, and oftentimes, right hatred, or Muslim individuals within society. Accordingly, those who argue against a band point to the fact that restricting the natural bearing of individuals, regardless of their religious interpretation, would only lead to a further escalation with regards to the hatred and distrust that are oftentimes placed against Muslim communities throughout the West.By substance of comparison and contrast, those individuals that argue against allowing the veil in public, and promote the belief that it should be outlawed, also point to fundamental rights and interpretations of liberty and freedom as the backbone of their arguments. For instance, those in favor of a band point to the fact that womens rights are inherently guaranteed with regards to the democratic principles that define governance. As such, by restricting the mobility and potential level of integration that women can exhib it within society, a facial veil is tantamount to a level of second-class

Falcon Computer Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Falcon Computer Company - Case Study fountThis essay discusses that stochastic variable was largely witnessed as the promotions of the values were not appropriately communicated and enforced in practice by the management. The factors which were largely responsible for the existence of the discrepancy are as follows 1. Lack of initiative from the management The higher management was great in formulating the values to be followed by the employees but only readiness was not the very success of it. 2. The confidence among employees was not boosted The employees were not provided with an opportunity to get the values to be worked across them. At the same time, they felt no space to implement a value and work accordingly. 3. Freedom of speech was lacking on the employee front Attention to detail is our trademark our goal is to do it right the first time. However, it was observed that the design flaws caused the main hurdle and in the first place, it needed to be corrected to prevent fla ws in the forthcoming steps. 4. Openness was greatly lacking The culture statement promising to encourage open, direct, person-to-person communication as part of the daily routine was not at all followed in practice. At Falcon, it was more of secrecy than openness. 5. Lack of management participation Even after the value document was formulated and was expected to be followed, lack of management enforcement was greatly lacking to get the values embedded into the employees. 6. Lack of interest from the Employee side Lack of interest from the employee side was a about-face feature in exercising the values. They did not get by it seriously and neer bo thered to come up with valuable suggestions so as to prove that there was an initiative from their side. They have never held the management accountable for the non-compliance of values. They instead have understood what was really emphasized in the organization namely hierarchy, secrecy and expediency. They never moved out of their co mfort zone to take a stand. The lack of initiative also made the other employees follow the similar notion to take a back seat.

Shakespeare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Shakespeargon - Essay ExampleShakespeare wrote the second series of history plays at the peak of his career, roughly around 1595-1599, covering the history from around 1398-1420.Although the events he writes about occurred around two centuries before his time, but Shakespeare expected his audience to be familiar with the characters and events he was describing. The rise and fall of kings and the battles between the houses were woven into the ethnic fabric of England and formed and integral part of countrys patriotic legends and national mythology. The specific details of important historical events have obscured with the passage of time and thus, the heroes and battles of an event are to a degree, cloaked in myth. The plays innovatively mix history and comedy, moving from lofty scenes of kings and battles to base scenes showing ruffians engaging in robberies and drinking. The strength of the plays is its remarkable richness, a multifariousness of textures and a fascinatingly ambigu ous take on history as well as on political motivation.Shakespeare drew on a scrap of sources for writing his history plays as he did in almost all of his work Since it is not possible to know Shakespeares beliefs, attitude and the methodology he employ in writing his plays, we can only hypothesize on the basis of his textual evidence regarding his authorial intentions and the underlying didactic message found in the second tetralogy

Marco Polo and Matteo Ricci Accounts of China Essay

Marco Polo and Matteo Ricci Accounts of China - Essay ExampleThe imperial power of the Chinese passes from the father to the son, and the people have a say in the staying in power of a ruler. When the people grow inept of a ruler they have the skill to strip him the throne and place a new man with courage and the qualities of being a leader. The Chinese prefer dying honorable death sooner than be under a monarch who is usurping and swear allegiance to him. They therefore use and employ the ideologies of this proverb more frequently that, no woman is object lesson who has two husbands nor any vassal faithful who has two lords. The laws that are governing China are not enshrined to any logical way, however any mortal who succeeds in getting the throne subscribes his own laws and he who succeeds him is obliged to implement the laws .The Chinese people have a government that is monarchial ,however to certain degrees this government is an nobility .Decisions in relation to governanc e are made by the magistrates but the king has to make confirmations by writing though he has no powers to make any final decision without first consulting with the magistrates. The income does not go to the exchequer but is a resource of the public and is taken to the public treasury. The running of intimately of the national issues like the military and management of the prisons are met by the national treasury and where the funds cannot be met by the available resources, new taxes are obligate to raise the extra income to meet the national demands of the republic of china (Kashlansky). The magistrates are assorted into two, those from the national levels and those at the provincial levels. Besides the magistrates there is a group of about 60 philosophers who have proved allegiance to the king and are loyal to the realm. This group is kept by the king for the good of business and benefits to the royalty. In addition to the magistrates ,at the national palace there are various o rganizations which are instituted for various purposes .there are also members of the cabinet who have no public administrative powers but have the highest office dignity. Marco gives an account of the tartars who had an eloquent ruler who came into power with approved integrity, justice and valor. The king came into power with so much moderation and justness that his fame spread all over the world. By finding himself as the head of so many brave men he ordered them to arm themselves with arrows and bows so as to fire an assault to the neighboring provinces. The king ensured that he developed love with the people and gained their respect. However in later stages he became a authoritarian and developed strict regulation which had even penalties for death of defaulters of regulations .The tartars had a nomadic life and never stayed in one place, constantly moving in inquisition of greener pastures. They had women with courage and virtue for the management of their homes (Marco).The women observe chastity and no quarrel is heard of or experienced in the families with the women always taking care of the children and the purvey of food for the family. The city of Kin say is reported to have men and women who love life and use gold and silver. The authority of this city equally matt-up quite insecure and made it a rule to guard its numerous bridges with numerous precautions especially after dusk such

Creative Photography Essay Example for Free

Creative Photography EssayWhat are three examples of forms of music? One example of forms of music Describe each form. What is form in music? Critical Thinking Questions Music has sometimes been referred to as a universal language. Why has this description been applied to music? Emotions are a earthy feeling shared among human creations. Music communicates so many things that everyone can understand without having to speak a word . It communicates love, frustration, hatred, war, friendship, commerce, marriage, separation, unity, confusion.Music is referred to as a global language Do you agree or disagree with this assessment? Yes I agree Why? Music is universal it provokes the same feelings no matter what sympathetic or style it is music cultivates everyones inner feelings. and thoughts Why is musical notation important? Musical nation is important What benefits do musicians and others receive from being able to write down and note aspects of a musical piece? In the first part of the module, we discussed how music is everywhere in society.What are some of the ways that we use music? How do you use music in your own life? Music can help influence the mood or feeling in a place by the way in which it is contend. What is a specific example of this that you have experienced? Discuss the experience (what was the line? how was it played? how did the mood/feeling change? ). For example, you might discuss an experience at a concert, religious service, or another place where music played a part in creating the mood.

Memory of Lizzie Comparitive Essay Essay Example for Free

holding of Lizzie Comparitive Essay EssayBlue Remembered Hills was originally written for television in 1979 before the writer, Dennis Potter, created a stage version in 1984. Potter based the storyline on his nostalgic views on childhood and the transition from infancy to adulthood. The cope with is set in the West Country during World War Two, where seven children have been evacuated. The auditory modality gains an insight into a childs life in the 1940s and how the individual and very diverse characters interact with each other. The play ends tragically with the death of Donald, a child abused by his mother and tormented by the other children. A Memory of Lizzie is based on the famous trial in American history where Lizzie Borden was accused of killing her stepmother and father on the 4th of August, 1892. One of the main factors of the play that makes it so original is that it was written to portray Lizzie Bordens potential character and how she interacted with other peopl e as a child. By creating a younger version of the murderess, the audience can see how this cruel and very much neglected child came to commit such horrific murders. The play is set in an American give instruction playground in the 1870s and focuses on how the children react to Lizzie and vice versa.One of the main similarities between the two plays is that the cast of the play are children, although in Blue Remembered Hills adults act out the roles of the seven children. A theme conveyed through both plays is that of bullying and social rejection. Lizzie is ridiculed by the remainder of the group possibly because the groups jealousy of her familys wealth or perhaps her need for attention as a result of the absence of attention at home from her stepmother. However, Donald is isolated from the group mainly because of his physical appearance. . He is described by Potter to be splay-footed, timid, anaemic-looking boy. Although callously, the children use the fact that he is abused by his mother as another route of inflicting anguish on him.Both of the central characters, Donald and Lizzie, have a very distant relationship with their mothers or in Lizzies case her stepmother. The children in Blue Remembered Hills speak of Donalds mothers unconventional lifestyle, Our mam says hers a bit of a thing Something to do with the sheets, provided Donald does not at one time bring her into conversation as he cultisms her and becomes reclusive when any one of the children unhorse to taunt him about her. However, Lizzie is very open about her hatred for her stepmother All stepmoms are evil.Both plays deal with the theme of murder and each of the writers use claw events as a significant premonition of the horrific events that are to occur. Blue Remembered Hills shows the boys murdering an innocent squirrel for the amusement, yet it leads the manslaughter of Donald at the end. A Memory of Lizzie in its entirety is a premonition of what Lizzie will come to perpetrate. Th e slaughter of Rachels doll at the end of the play shows prominent signs of how this potential to commit such a murder would intensify. on that point is, however, a significant difference between these two cases of death the children in Blue Remembered Hills felt remorse for the manslaughter of Donald and were almost in denial that it had even happen, yet Lizzie felt no sense of wrong-doing in the slaughtering of the doll and is portrayed to the audience as though she felt she achieved something from it. However the other characters isolated themselves from her behavior once the realization came upon them of what a twisted thing she was doing. This is very different to Blue Remembered Hills as all the children were to blame for Donalds death as they all were a composition of the joke.The lifestyles of the children in the plays are very diverse. The children of Blue Remembered Hills are living at the time of the war so the preponderance of the childrens games and talk revolved aroun d the fear and excitement of the war. They also use the concept of war as a basis of their entertainment, particularly when the klaxon sounds and instead of returning home, they decide to hide in case the prisoner of war they created in their imaginations comes looking for English blood The children also take on the mannerisms of their parents, particularly when they are playing house in the Barn and Angela is imitating her mother.On the other hand, Lizzie Borden appears to be of a higher class than the other children because of her familys wealth, Just cos shes a Borden thinks she owns the whole place. Lizzie uses her wealth as a way of gaining power and often trys to control the other children. The other characters feel particularly degraded and insulted by this, Just like we was your servants or something

Ebt Classroom Management Essay Example for Free

Ebt Classroom Management Es ordinateThis is a free additional chapter for Evidence Based T for each(prenominal) oneing by Ge murder junior (2006) Nelson Thornes. It terminate be downloaded from www. geoffpetty. com. The book as a whole combines and summarises research on which teaching methods and strategies encounter high hat, and informs these strategies with examples. See the nones at the end of this chapter for to a greater extent detail. female genitals I get my students to behave better? The evidence is emphatic, yes you can And we k flat how. There ar of assembly line genuinely many strategies designed to improve schoolroom attention and discipline, plainly which ones work?Robert Marzano (2003) summarised the findings of over 100 reports on anatomyroom management, including 134 rigorous experiments designed to find divulge which classroom management techniques work best. These experiments were carried step up with real teachers in real classrooms. This c hapter draws heavily on this meta-study of Marzanos, and comp ares strategies to find discover which is best. Such studies of studies are the best source of evidence on what workings as they include and integrate all reliable evidence. For a full account see Classroom Management that Works Robert Marzano et al (2003) for the detail, it is well worth reading.These experiments notify us what teachers have make work, rather than reporting hunches and wishful regaining. No special training is required to use these strategies. If you are a reasonably experient teacher, on the dot experiment with the following methods, and you should get positive results quite quickly. You testament need to give them a fair hand over for a few lessons onward you and your students get the hang of them. The investment will be well worth it as their improved conduct and motivation will begin to show. Less go through teachers may need more cartridge holder to make the strategies work.Marzanos meta- study describes four basic approaches that have been instal to improve behaviour in classrooms. Their actioniveness is compared in the table below. Comparing the effectiveness of aspects of classroom management Average effect-size Number of students or pupils Number of studies Decrease in number of disruptions(Average for the studies) Summary of experimental information from Marzano (2003) Rules and proceduresStrategies to all the way and simply express rules and other expectations of student behaviour. Also to justify these persuasively from the teachers and students vizor of view.For greatest effect the rules are negotiated with students 0. 76 626 10 28% Teacher-student relationshipsStrategies to improve the rapport, and mutual respect between teacher and student 0. 87 1110 4 31% Disciplinary interventionsThe effective use of sticks and carrots to compel the rules described above 0. 91 3322 68 32% Mental setStrategies to develop your awareness of what is going on in your classroom and wherefore. A conscious inhibit over your thoughts and feelings when you respond to a disruption. 1. 3 502 5 40%Marzano grouped high quality research studies on classroom management into the four categories above, and past calculated an average effect size for each. Effect size is explained in chapter 4, they are a measure of how effective a strategy is. If you dont know slightly effect sizes look instead at the last column in the tables percentage reduction in the number of disruptions. For example, in experiments on strategies that involve teachers in devising rules and procedures the number of disruptions in the classroom was reduced by 28% on average. This is in comparison with not devising manifest rules and procedures.In experiments, only one strategy can be used at a time. (If two were used, we would not know which caused any positive effects. ) However, you can obviously use strategies in all these categories at once. This will have a greater effect than using strategies in one category alone. However, it is not statistically valid to add the effect sizes or the percentages in the table to find their combined effect. If you find this a bit bewildering, just remember that the strategies that teachers made work best are those with a large percentage in the last column in the tables. However you are uniqueYou might not get the same results as an average teacher. So the best results will probably move up from concentrating on the category that you or your students have most worry with, or that you have mete outed least in your teaching. The final test is what works in your classroom, try the methods for a few weeks and see what happens I will now look at the strategies that have been found to work best in each of Marzanos four categories. I will only outline these, and if you fatality more detail please read the following chapters in my tenet Today, which have more strategies and more detail.I am relieved to say these chapters are very(prenominal) much in line with the Marzano findings. Alternatively follow up one of the Chapters in Teaching Today that might be stabilising 7 The teacher learner relationship and equal opportunities page 77 8 Classroom management page 96 9 Discipline and conundrum solvingpage 108 references at the end of the chapter. Some teachers think a well-planned, interesting lesson will by itself pr charget disruption. Or that if the teacher is entirely benign and respectful of students, struggle will simply melt international. This isnt the case.We ofttimes start our teaching careers with these assumptions, solely enlightenment usually doesnt take long. All teachers experience problems with behaviour, its just that some are better at preventing it, and dealing with it. But how? The strategies that teachers have made work best in experiments are explained below, with the theory outlined. However, if you are only interested in the strategies themselves look for the strategy icon in t he margin astir(p) your use of rules and procedures You might be for inclined for believing that how students should behave in classrooms is blindingly obvious, and explanation is entirely unnecessary.However, experiments show that classrooms contract much more orderly when rules are stated, or better still negotiated, discussed and fully justified. It seems the little blighters need persuading of the obvious So 1. Create rules Decide for yourself what rules and procedures will maximise larn, and would create a good atmosphere in your class. Alternatively adapt the rules in the box on page 4. Express these rules positively rather than as a list of donts. There should be a maximum of active 8 rules at secondary level, some say less at the elementary level. 2. Justify rules.Work out to your own satisfaction a persuasive case for each of these rules, however obvious this is. Im afraid because I say so is not a persuasive justification Very early on, mayhap in your first meeting wit h the class, explain that you extremity an effective, fair and happy classroom, and a set of rules and procedures to achieve this. There are two main slipway to do this, set out in 3 and 4 below. 3. Discuss rules with the class. Discuss wherefore we have laws, rules and procedures in football, families, and in society. Ask for examples. (Avoid the off-side rule even if you understand it ) What would happen if we didnt have rules?Explain that the purpose of class rules is not to pump your megalomania, but to improve learning, and to ensure heap enjoy the class. 4. transact to get commitment. Suggest your set of rules as a start, postulateing for de allowions, additions and suggestions. Be prepared to justify and compromise. (Alternatively ask the class to devise their own set of rules as described in 5 below. ) * Consider asking students to work in small groups to make sticky note responses to your rules. Then display and discuss these as a class. * Consider asking each group to design a poster to illustrate one of the rules, and display these on the notice add-in.These can because be used as a reminder in subsequent lessons. * Students could literally sign up to the rules as political leaders sign treaties. boot to the rules as our rules not as mine. 5. Get the class to devise their own rules. Especially with older or more responsible groups you could ask them to come up with their own class rules. It may wait on to start this process off if you give them issues much(prenominal)(prenominal) as how can we make sure everyone gets the help they need? .Or you could ask them what has worked in other classrooms. * Students can work in groups to devise rules on different aspects of class management, e.g. bringing materials public lecture attendance and punctuality, etc * The class can wherefore discuss and then vote on suggestions * Then you go away and finalise the set of rules. You have every honest to the last say of course.If you reject a popular sug gestion explain why. Here is a typical set of rules at secondary or college level. It is of course best to devise your own 1. Treat others as you necessity to be treated yourself. Be positive and helpful. Try to help two other people every day. 2. Treat other peoples property at least as well as you would treat your own. 3.Hands up if you want to say something when the teacher, or another student is blabing. 4. Dont distract others from their work. Only talk to neighbours, and only about work. 5. If you are stuck ask neighbours for help first, then ask Mr Petty. 6. No unpleasantness, snatching or hitting. If you cant resolve a disagreement yourself, or with your group, consult Mr Petty 7. Leave the room better than you found it. The aim here is to get students to buy into the rules and to see them as their own, and as worth keeping and enforcing. Other uses of rules * Remind students of any relevant rules before a potentially disruptiveactivity. This is more positive than only res ponding to disruption and has been found to reduce disruption by about 25%. You could even gather students near the poster that illustrates the rule(s) and ask them for the justification for it. * If a rule is broken remind the student that, we agreed.. and remind them that they are part of a team so must keep to team rules. Be a team player could be a heading on the list of rules * Get students to self task their own behaviour against the rules with a self- opinion form. Then use this to set themselves targets for utility. See the example belowSelf-assessmentIs((student name here)). a team player? I unploughed to this rule always often some-times never Treat others as you want to be treated yourself Hands up if you want to say something when the teacher is talking Dont distract others from their work Etc.. Improvement since my last self assessmentWhat I need to work on most is If you use self-assessment consider the following * Asking students to remin d themselves of their self-assessed targets at the beginning of a class (see the last row in the self assessment form above).Tell them you will ask them to self-assess any improvement at the end of the same class. * Allow students to reward themselves with a sticky blob against their name on your notice board if they have improved, say, twice running in these self-assessments. Yes I know this sounds toe-curlingly naff, but the less mature students often love this. Strategies to improve teacher-student relationships If you have read chapter 25 you will recognise the value driven management and leadership approach that was so successful in managing staff. The strategies below have reduced disruptions in classrooms by 31% on average.Good teacher-student relations ensure that students have a more positive attitude to the teacher and to learning, and make them more likely to drive rules and any disciplining. They turn the classroom into a cooperative team, and reduce antagonism. So eve n if you detest the little clutch of demons, its worth developing good relations with them, and if you do, you might find that you dont detest them quite as much What is the nature of good teacher-student relations? Marzano (2003) quotes internationally renowned research by Theo Wubbels, whose findings remind me of the old staffroom adage be strict but fair.Wubbels has found that the most effective teachers are both dominant (strong leaders) and cooperative (helpful, companionable and fair), but they are neither to extreme. This is shown diagrammatically below. The exaltation teacher-student relationship Dominant * Strong sense of purpose in pursuing clear goals for learning and for class management. * Leadership. Tends to guide and control * Prepared to discipline unapologetically Too dominant * Too controlling * Lack of concern for students * Teacher student relations damaged Ideal teacher- student relationship Opposition.* Treats students as the enemy * Expresses anger and irri tation * Need to win if there is a disagreement between teacher and students Cooperative * owing(p) concern for the inevitably and opinions of students. * Helpful, gracious * Avoids strife and seeks consensus Too cooperative * Too understanding and shaming of apologies * Waits for students to be ready * Too desirous to be pass judgment by students Submission * Lack of clarity of purpose * Keeps a low profile * Tendency to submit to the will of the class * Entirely un forceful, rather rancid and apologeticThe diagram tries to show that the most effective teachers have found an optimal balance between cooperation and ascendancy. They are not so dominant that they die to cooperate, nor so cooperative that they fail to lead. The precise approach will of course depend on the nature of the class some need more dominance or more cooperation than others. Research has also shown that students prefer the dominant-cooperative mix about twice as much as the purely cooperative style, or thusly any other style. Wubbels has found that teachers new to the profession tend to start overly cooperatively and with insufficient dominance.However after 6 to 10 years they often become too dominant. To improve student-teacher relations experiment with some or all of the following strategies which other teachers have made work well. argon you better at dominance or cooperation? Ideally you should strengthen your weakest style, even if you also work on your strongest. Many students are coping with stress, difficult root word circumstances and worry about abuse, depression, eating disorders and so on. If your students experience such social and psychological strains you will need to attend to these as well nerve-racking the strategies that follow.This goes beyond the scope of this chapter. The FATE approach in Teaching Today may help, as will Marzano (2003). Strategies to ontogenesis your dominance (leadership) Dont be put off by the word dominance. It plastereds to become an effective leader, to pursue, vigorously and enthusiastically, a clear path towards both important learning goals, and good behaviour in the classroom. It does not mean to strut about in jackboots barking orders. We are doing this for the students, so we need not be shy about taking charge and accepting responsibility. 1. Ground RulesIf you negotiate ground rules with students, and consequences for not keeping them as described on page , then you have already shown this attribute to some considerable extent. 2. Orientation Clarify the purpose and the key points in each topic before it is taught, including a persuasive reason for poring over it. If you have read chapter 16 you will remember that these methods had very high effect sizes. (An effect size of 0. 5 for a strategy means that if it is through with(p) well students learn the topic about a grade better. An effect size of 1. 0 gives a two-grade improvement.By grade I mean an improvement equivalent to a GCSE or A level gr ade, but just for that topic of course. ) Strategy Effect size from Marzano Goal setting before introducing a new topic. E. g. your goal is to use the information in this topic to solve this problem in the case study. 0. 97 Goals which the students are involved in designing 1. 21 Advance organisers (summary in advance of what is about to be learned along with a persuasive case for studying it) 0. 48 for well-heeled topics0. 78 for more demanding topics Highly specific behavioural objectives At the end of this lesson you should be able to 0.12 Another way of setting goals is to discuss with students the assessment criteria for the task they will do, as long as they really understand these. 3. Authoritative body language Appear absolutely confident and in control, curiously when you are not. When interacting with students, especially if dealing with misbehaviour, your dominance is conv eyeballd by body language. This includes proximity, confident posture, and tone of voice (not shr ill or angry, but authoritative. ) In Teaching Today I describe the PEP approach, which stands for * Proximity dominance is increased by walking closer to the student.Walk around the classroom, if you notice students about to misconduct stand by their desk. When you talk to students stand a little too close for comfort but dont invade personal outer space. This is not an easy judgement. * Eye contact Holding eye contact expresses dominance, especially if you hold it for some time. What you say will be taken more heartrendingly if you hold eye contact first for a few seconds, then say it maintaining the eye contact, then maintain eye-contact for a few seconds more. * pose questions. Rather than telling a student off for not working, ask questions such as Why have you not started? Do this with proximity and eye contact. This has much more effect than getting angry or raising your voice, and will make you appear much more in control. The combined effect of close proximity and sustai ned eye contact can be very powerful indeed, so dont over do it. Strategies to increase Cooperation Being cooperative sounds easy, until you notice it means being cooperative with the worst behaved students in your class. This can try a saint. As so often in educational problems, we have a vicious motorbike to deal with here, but with determination we can turn it into a virtuous cycleVicious cycle The student misbehaves more or works less well You are less positive, friendly and fair towards the student You dislike the student more and/or The student dislikes you and your classes more In your direct control Breaking this cycle is hard, but it can be done. If you succeed it ensures the student behaves better, learns better, but it also makes your living much easier. You will need to have negotiated clear rules with your students as described earlier, then you can start to break this cycle. This requires a great deal of steamy generosity and/or patience and restraint.If you cannot muster the generosity, try acting Probably the only part of the cycle you can break is You are less positive, friendly and fair towards the student here are some strategies that break the cycle here 1. Catch them doing something right. Keep an eye on them, and when you notice they are doing something right, even by accident, comment on this positively in private. Well done, youve made a start. Many students who misbehave are anxiety seekers, and if they earn attention for behaving well, they are less likely to steal attention by misbehaving.You can even bribe such students Thats an interesting start, when youve finished the question let me know and I will have a look at it A promise of attention like this will often motivate students, but do keep your promise. See Madsen et al (1968) 2. Put the student into intensive care. There is a violent method to do this, which in your darkest moments often appeals Here is a legal way. As well as catching them doing something right Smile, use their name positively, ask for their opinion in class discussion, try to find something positive to say about their response.Make a point of looking at their work, and comment favourably about any genuine feat or achievement. Talk to them about it. Thats an interesting point, what made you think of that? . Keep high expectations however I know you can do this. Be patient and helpful. If you react like this it shows you are not rattled by their misbehaviour. Warning The above advice can be overdone. Dont try too hard with intensive care especially, as you will be disliked if you appear desperate to be liked. The trick is to make your behaviour seem very natural, and the way you teach everyone.So you must give this same attention to at least some well-behaved students nearby too. More general advice about increasing cooperation includes other ways of showing that you value students as individuals 3. Learn and use their names 4. Communicate informally with students, Dont just talk abo ut learning issues. When they are coming into, or going out of the classroom ask their opinion Do you think your haircut would suit me? . What do you think of the new library? . Ask about hobbies, attitudes and opinions, 5. Use eye contact and proximity to spread your influence about the whole room. 6.Negotiate difficulties with the class. I am having problems with students not giving in work, whats the problem? What can we do about this? The strategies on page 17 and 18 also help with cooperation. Improving disciplinary interventions The strategies that follow reduced disruptions in classrooms by 31% on average. There has been a heated debate for some decades over whether teachers should use soft punishments, or should only give students praise and deferred payment for seize behaviour. You may not be surprised to find that Marzanos meta-study, having statistically compared these approaches, shows that you are best doing both.However, while nearly all teachers will use mild puni shments, few give enough recognition for good behaviour. If you only use punishments, such as telling students off in response to inappropriate behaviour, then you can create a negative, nagging image for yourself. Also, attention-seekers will begin to misbehave in order to get your attention, as it is the most effective way. Effect sizes are from Marzano (2003) Average effect-size Number of studies Decrease in number of disruptions Disciplinary Interventions RemindersReminding students of relevant rules just before they start an activity. E. g. reminding them of the ground-rules for working in groups before starting a group-work activity 0. 64 70 24% Sticks Mild punishments 0. 78 40 28% Carrots Strategies that reward students for appropriate behaviour including recognition, praise, symbols etc. 0. 86 101 31% Carrots plus sticksUsing both mild punishments, and strategies that reward students for appropriate behaviour with recognition symbols etc. 0. 97 12 33% Reminders.Many tea chers are reactive, waiting for disruption and then responding to it, yet reminding students of the ground-rules for a forthcoming activity is a very positive and quite effective strategy. If you have agreed class rules, and students have designed posters to illustrate them, gather students round the posters to discuss the rules, and ask questions about why we have them. This need not take long, yet has reduced the number of disruptions in experiments by almost a quarter on average. Carrots strategies to reinforce appropriate behaviour.This works better than just telling students off, and most of us dont do it enough. Try these strategies 1. Tokens or symbols Here is an example. A teacher asks each student to start off the lesson with fiver behaviour points. Or they might only do this with two or three problematical students. The students write five 1s on a piece of paper on their desk. During the class the teacher places an extra 1 if the student is working well, and crosses one o ff when they are not. Students often dont need an explanation for the removal of a point if the class rules are clear.Simply praising good behaviour also works remarkably well, Madsen et al (1968). At the end of the class the student records how many behaviour points they have on a proforma. This might ask them to set targets for improvement. They might also be able to exchange these points for privileges such as sitting where they want, or giving out materials etc. It is important to explain the system you use and why to help you become better and more mature learners. It should not be seen as a bribe even when privileges are given.These are often laughed off by teachers, but they really work and are greatly underused Tokens and symbols can include * A thumbs up sign, wink, smile, praise etc to a student working well. It works especially well with problematical students * Official Pat On The Back, this can be public or private. It is caper to say this with capital letters and admi nister it with mock ceremony, but not sarcastically * Recognition in class notices, bulletins or notice-boards * Round of applause or even standing ovation * Encouraging words * Open micro border.The student is asked to speak to the class to explain how they succeeded, or, if you are brave, to make any point they like. * Smiley faces, points, or stickers on a privately held record card, that you can ask to see and use as the basis for discussion on behaviour improvement. * Smiley faces, points or stickers on a publicly displayed class list * Badges e. g. Im an improver The gal done good * Displaying work * Letters home byword that behaviour is good or has improved. Most students regard this as very significant and it doesnt cost that much.You could also use e-mail, text message, or phone message, but letters are permanent and you dont even need to put a stamp on as students will be keen to take them home. They can be used to earn * Privileges such as sitting where you choose, helpi ng to give out materials, leading groups, being allowed to posture to the class, etc * Class pressure points which the class can spend to persuade you not to set homework one particular week, or to allow more time to prepare for a test etc.* The opportunity to choose the work they do or the way they work. E.g. be able to write up their work on a classroom electronic computer. * Letters, e-mails or text messages home, after say three weekly improvements * College or school certificates for mature behaviour.These can be given in half-termly award ceremonies presented by the head of department * Being chosen to present to another class, or at parents evening or open evening * A class trip or visit earned if the class all improve in behaviour * Home privileges such as being allowed to keep your TV or computer games in your bedroom, to rent a video or buy a computer game.This clearly requires parental involvement. See the case study in the box below. 2. Self-assessment Students can use the self-assessment process described on page 5 to award themselves points or stickers etc. 3. Contingent rewards These makes use of peer pressure to improve behaviour a. Class carrots if the whole class behaves or improves. E. g. If the whole class reduces calling out instead of putting their hands up, then the whole class earn pressure points (described in the above box), or are allowed to go and see the maneuver Departments final show of work.Success needs to be defined carefully, for example no more than three people calling out in each class for at least one week. b. Class carrots if a specific individual or group of students behaves well or improves. This needs to be treated with caution. E. g. We are all going to help to keep Philip in his seat. If you are next to him remind him if he moves. If he does move, dont talk to him. If Philip doesnt get out of his place inappropriately for a week, the whole class gets five Team Player Points and Philip gets ten. Sticks strategies that involve mild punishment.This works best in conjunction with the carrots above. Marzanos metastudy stresses that the effect of this strategy comes from consistency rather than severity. Case studies with the use of rewards and punishments. TES 16th June 2006 www. tes. co. uk/search/story/? story_id=2250510 Duncan Harper, Head of a Special school says many children are miss-labelled as autistic or having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). He believes their poor attention span etc is callable to being too tired to work after spending four to five hours a night watching TV or playing computer games.20% of his 58 children are diagnosed autistic, and 50% ADHD. But Harper thinks non are autistic, and only 2 have ADHD He develops excellent relationships with the parents, who are contacted by phone every two weeks. He arranges with them to remove TVs and computer games from bedrooms if the students behaviour/tiredness does not improve. Harper himself made seven such remo vals that year. A recent inspection graded the school as outstanding in all categories. Evidence is growing that poor sleep is affecting students behaviour, thought process and learning.Try Googling sleep student attainment. Consistency and assertiveness The punishment itself seems less important than your consistency in expecting a rule to be obeyed, and your assertiveness when talking to students or punishing them when you have to. Assertiveness is not the same as hostility. It is linked with dominance mentioned earlier and means that when you deal with class management you are firm, un senseal, matter of fact, unapologetic, confident and business like. It often includes a reminder to the student that you are implementing agreed class rules, not personal dictats.Being contradictory angry or very strict is less effective, and may suggest to students that you are losing control. Be assertive Imagine you are dealing with a student who has been persistently talking. You have warned her that if she talks inappropriately again, you will move her. Despite this, she continues to talk. You could get angry, sarcastic and over-strict at this point. But it is more effective to be assertive 1. Proximity and eye contact. Walk up to the student (proximity), with a firm upright posture, and fix them with eye contact . There should be little emotion in your voice or face.Just a business like confidence. 2. Ask for what you want in a decisive manner, act as if you mean it, and expect to be obeyed. The pitch of your voice should not be shrill, only slightly raised. I want you to move next to John now. But Pete started it 3. Listen, but use the broken record. Listen to such legitimate objections. It sometimes helps to repeat the objection to show you have listened as below. However do not accept denials, blaming or other arguing unless a genuinely strong case is made. It is the students duty to keep the class rules despite difficulties.Repeat what you want. eve if Pete did start it, you should not have talked again. amuse move now. But thats not fair (This process of listening, perhaps acknowledging what was said, but then repeating what you want continues as long as necessary. This is sometimes called the broken record. ) You remain firm unruffled and business like. We all agreed our class rules are fair. Please move. 4. Defer discussion but require obedience. If the student persists tell them that they are wasting valuable class time, and must continue this conversation after the class.In the meantime they must move. Repeat this once if necessary very firmly. 5. Withdraw. If they still dont move remind them that defiance is a very serious There is a list of responses to inappropriate behaviour in Teaching Today 3rd edition, pages 117-8 offence and that they must see you after the class. Walk away to signal the dialogue is now over. The student might now move. If not, seek guidance from tutors and class managers defiance is a health and safety iss ue as they might not even stop doing something dangerous when you tell them to. 6.Use Discipline Plans. If a student does not respond to assertive behaviour like this and problems persist, consult tutors and managers. Sit down with the student in a private one to one situation, and draw up a Discipline Plan Allen. T (1996) * State the relevant class rules and explain why they help everybody learn and help create a happy classroom * Ask the student why they have a problem keeping the rule(s) and what would help them keep it better. Stress that the rule must be kept despite the stated difficulties. Ask them to become a team player.